First trimester ondansetron exposure was not associated with an increased risk of overall congenital malformations or cardiac malformations after adjustment for known confounders.
The relationship between first trimester use of ondansetron and congenital anomalies is controversial. In a retrospective cohort study of over 1.8 million pregnancies of women enrolled in Medicaid, first trimester ondansetron exposure was not associated with an increased risk of overall congenital malformations or cardiac malformations after adjustment for known confounders [2]. Although a small increase in risk for oral clefts was observed, the absolute difference between exposed and unexposed pregnancies was very low (2.7 per 10,000 births). In pregnant women less than 10 weeks of gestation with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy refractory to initial treatment, we discuss the potential risks and effectiveness of ondansetron on a case-by-case basis.
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Association of Maternal First-Trimester Ondansetron Use With Cardiac Malformations and Oral Clefts in Offspring.AUHuybrechts KF, Hernández-Díaz S, Straub L, Gray KJ, Zhu Y, Patorno E, Desai RJ, Mogun H, Bateman BT SOJAMA. 2018;320(23):2429.
ImportanceEvidence for the fetal safety of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that is commonly prescribed for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, is limited and conflicting.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between ondansetron exposure during pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study nested in the 2000-2013 nationwide Medicaid Analytic eXtract. The cohort consisted of 1 816 414 pregnancies contributed by 1 502 895 women enrolled in Medicaid from 3 months before the last menstrual period through 1 month or longer after delivery; infants were enrolled in Medicaid for at least 3 months after birth. The final date of follow-up was December 31, 2013. Analyses were conducted between November 1, 2017, and June 30, 2018. Propensity score stratification was used to control for treatment indication and other confounders.ExposuresOndansetron dispensing during the first trimester, the period of organogenesis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were cardiac malformations and oral clefts diagnosed during the first 90 days after delivery. Secondary outcomes included congenital malformations overall and subgroups of cardiac malformations and oral clefts.ResultsAmong 1 816 414 pregnancies (mean age of mothers, 24.3 [5.8]years), 88 467 (4.9%) were exposed to ondansetron during the first trimester. Overall, 14 577 of 1 727 947 unexposed and 835 of 88 467 exposed infants were diagnosed with a cardiac malformation, for an absolute risk of 84.4 (95% CI, 83.0 to 85.7) and 94.4 (95% CI, 88.0 to 100.8) per 10 000 births respectively. The absolute risk of oral clefts was 11.1 per 10 000 births (95% CI, 10.6 to 11.6; 1921 unexposed infants) and was 14.0 per 10 000 births (95% CI, 11.6 to 16.5; 124 exposed infants). The risk of any congenital malformation was 313.5 per 10 000 births (95% CI, 310.9 to 316.1; 54 174 unexposed infants) and was 370.4 (95% CI, 358.0 to 382.9; 3277 exposed infants). The adjusted relative risk (RR) for cardiac malformations was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.06) and the adjusted risk difference (RD) was -0.8 (95% CI, -7.3 to 5.7 per 10 000 births). For oral clefts, the adjusted RR was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.48) and the RD was 2.7 (95% CI, 0.2 to 5.2 per 10 000 births). The adjusted estimate for congenital malformations overall was an RR of 1.01 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.05) and an RD of 5.4 (95% CI, -7.3 to 18.2 per 10 000 births).Conclusions and RelevanceAmong offspring of mothers enrolled in Medicaid, first-trimester exposure to ondansetron was not associated with cardiac malformations or congenital malformations overall after accounting for measured confounders but was associated with a small increased risk of oral clefts.
